Under what condition is re-consent required when new risk information becomes available?

• A. When new information may alter willingness to continue participation.
• B. When a protocol amendment requires additional consent from the IRB.
• C. When a participant withdraws from the study.
• D. When there is a change in the study site's investigator.

Answer: (A)

When new risk information becomes available, re-consent is needed if that information could change a participant’s willingness to continue in the study. Informed consent is an ongoing process, so investigators must disclose significant new findings about risks or burdens and allow participants to decide whether to continue, modify their participation, or withdraw. This isn’t triggered simply by protocol amendments, changes in the study site’s investigator, or a participant’s withdrawal—those involve other administrative or procedural steps. The key is whether the new information would alter the participant’s assessment of the risk/benefit and thus their decision to remain in the trial.